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Turnberry Castle
Turnberry Castle is a fragmentary ruin on the coast of Kirkoswald parish, near Maybole in Ayrshire, Scotland.〔''Ordnance of Scotland'', ed. Francis H. Groome, 1892-6. Vol.6, p.454〕 Situated at the extremity of the lower peninsula within the parish, it was the seat of the Earls of Carick.
==History==
The origins of Turnberry Castle are lost in antiquity. As to when or by whom Turnberry was built there seems to be no authentic record; but it was originally a stronghold of the Lords of Galloway, and thence passed into the possession of the Earls of Carrick around the beginning of the 13th century.〔"The land of the Bruce", ''All the Year Round''. 6:133, (1891:July) p.59〕 In the late 13th century the castle belonged to Marjorie, the widowed Countess of Carrick. According to medieval legend, Marjorie held the visiting knight Robert de Brus captive until he agreed to marry her. The marriage between Marjorie and Robert in 1271 conveyed to him both the castle and the earldom. Their first son, also named Robert, went on to become "Robert the Bruce", the King of Scots. Although it is unknown whether Turnberry is his actual birthplace, the fact that he spent his boyhood residing in the castle is not in doubt.〔"Parentage of Robert Bruce", ''Chamber's Edinburgh Journal'', No.14 (1832:May) p.112〕
Turnberry Castle is associated with two significant historical events, both of which are directly connected to Robert the Bruce. On 20 September 1286, several Scottish barons who supported the title of the Bruce as successor of the crown met secretly at Turnberry Castle. Robert was only 12 years old at the time.〔"Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire, North Britain", ''Saturday Magazine'', 3:72 (1833:Aug) p.60〕 The second event was the attempt made by Robert in the spring of 1307, to recover the castle from the English, who occupied it at the time. This attempt was only partially successful, although ultimately it led to the withdrawal of the English soldiers. His attempt to reclaim the castle marked the beginning of a long road, ending with Robert's eventual success at Bannockburn.〔"Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire, North Britain", ''Saturday Magazine'', 3:72 (1833:May) p.112〕 It was Robert the Bruce who ordered the destruction of the castle in 1310, to prevent it from falling once again into the hands of the English. The castle was nearly destroyed; the ruins that remain are part of the original castle as it does not appear to have been rebuilt.〔Halliday, James, ''Scotland: a Concise History'', Steve Savage Publishers Ltd, London 1990〕
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